(will mark ! )how has the supreme court's ruling in citizens united v. federal election commission (fec) affected campaign spending in by interest groups? a. it has caused spending by interest groups to decrease b. it has caused spending by interest groups to increase c. it has caused some interest groups to decrease spending and others to increase spending d. it has had no impact on spending by interest groups

The correct answer is B. It has caused spending by interest groups to increase. Since the ruling, multi-billion corporations and other interest groups have funneled unprecedented amounts of money to the parties or politicians that are susceptible to further their interests via the Super PACs (that are not allowed to spend money directly in the politicians' campaigns but can spend unlimited amounts of funds independently and in favor of the party/politician of their choice).

b) race riots in several cities

it foreshadows the theme of the paragraph and hints the topic that will be discussed in the paragraph!