Japanese imperial expansion in the late nineteenth century was primarily motivated by
a) the need for land for settlement by a growing population.
b) the desire to spread buddhism to other lands.
c) resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the united states.
d) a long-standing rivalry between china and japan.
e) all these answers are correct.

From my previously gained knowledge from my Japanese classes, the answer would be D. Because Japan didn't really that much of a population boom until the 20th century because they whole island was not yet inhabited. They didn't really feel like spreading Buddhism because it didn't become a popular religion until the 20th century, and the US had nothing to do with Japans wanting of more land. They gained land mainly from China, so the long-standing rivalry between China and Japan would be the best answer.