Cause: parliament passes the navigation acts what is the

Its a foreign market, its an economic threat to England's colonists?

The colonists responded by the act of smuggling. They tried to get into the Navigation acts and started selling directly to people from other countries. The English gradually tried to crack down on smuggling and the colonial anger over the crackdown brought the Revolutionary war.

abraham lincoln  (february 12, 1809  – april 15, 1865) was an american statesman, politician, and lawyer who served as the 16th  president of the united states  from 1861 until  his assassination  in april 1865. lincoln led the nation through the  american civil war, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis.[2][3]  he preserved the  union,  abolished slavery, strengthened the  federal government, and modernized  the u.s. economy.