Compare the voyages of non-european people before 1500 to those of the portuguese and spanish from 1400 to 1550. in what way were the voyages and their effects different?

The voyages of the non-European people before 1500 were mainly voyages that were taking places in close proximity to the already explored waters and near the continental mainland, so we can consider them as voyages with lesser risk and lesser ambition.

The voyages of the Spanish and Portuguese from the other side, were voyages that were taking place in places that were not explored before, in unknown waters and passages, as well as taking risks by going in total opposite direction from what was known and trying to find routes that were unimaginable till then.

answer: d. joseph james clark​

explanation:

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.