How were the japanese able to surprisehow were the japanese able to surprise the us at pearl harbor?

a. japanese land forces had invaded hawaii unnoticed.
b. japanese submarines invaded pearl harbor unnoticed.
c. apanese airplanes had flown to the us mainland unnoticed.
d. japanese aircraft carriers had approached hawaii unnoti the us at pearl harbor?

explanation: we can only guess at how our actions may be perceived in the future. doing something really big like killing lots of people, saving lots of people, affecting the lives of lots of people is a sure fire way of being remembered in historical records. we can also make a difference in the history records by being a small influence on something bigger, whether that is as a civil servant, scientist or artist.

of course you could argue that we all affect history just as tiny cogs in a   bigger machine.

if you mean how do people influence our opinions of things which have already happened, then simply by writing a book which looks at things form a different perspective and trying to convince people that this perspective is more accurate or truthful. people do it all the time i.e. richard the third was a terrible or was he? plenty would disagree, it's just that their views aren't the most widely known.n:

it would be  

germany had to pay all damages related to the war.

and i think

germany had to take sole responsibility for the war.