How did people use a telegraph to communicate without speech? with a series of bells of varying pitches with words typed out on a typewriter with morse code with overland mail carriages?

The answer is "with Morse code".

Morse code is a technique for transmitting content data as a progression of on-off tones, lights, or snaps that can be straightforwardly comprehended by a learned audience or onlooker without special gear. It is named for Samuel F. B. Morse. Every Morse code sign speaks to either a content character (letter or numeral) or a prosign and is spoken to by a distinct sequence of dabs and dashes.

powers  are  denied  to the  national governmentin three distinct ways: some  powers, such as the  power  to levy duties on exports or prohibit the freedom of religion, speech, press, or assembly, are expressly  denied  to the  national government  in the  constitution.