What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?

All i need is an outline i need with getting started with a research paper. i need with an outline for history of slavery. i don’t know how i should start it end. i need with an outline.

The factory system of the early-19th century caused a) a decrease in farm production. b) an increase in rural population. c) an increase in urban population. d) high unemployment in other areas.

Why was the nationalist party more popular in china’s cities than in the countryside?