In federalist paper #10, faction loosely means, in a more modern way: a. unions b. political parties c. interest groups d. the public.

c. Interest groups

Explanation:

Federalist No. 10 is an essay written by James Madison that addresses issues of how important reconciliation is between citizens and interests contrary to the interests of the community.

In this essay, Madison defined that Faction is a group of citizens who are bound by a desire, an objective, which is an adverse interest to the rights of other citizens and the community as a whole. This concept may be a reference to "interest groups" that can be considered a more modern way of referring to a faction.

Interest groups are nothing more than groups that put pressure on their interests, and try to influence a decision maker.

the answer is catholics