Use the chart to answer the question. which battle is considered a turning point in the war? date battle result april 19, 1775 lexington-concord began the revolution december 26, 1776 trenton washington captured the hessian forces stationed here with minimum casualties. september 11, 1777 brandywine british victory drove washington and army to philadelphia. september 19, 1777 saratoga (freeman's farm) burgoyne gained control of the farm for the british but suffered significant casualties. october 7, 1777 saratoga british forces surrendered to the americans, which was a turning point of the war. june 8, 1778 monmouth courthouse americans won and prevented more troops from joining the british in philadelphia. september 28, 1781 siege of yorktown americans, supported by the french, defeated british and won the war.

the captain of a steam ship naturally chooses the shortest route to his destination. since a sailing ship is usually pushed by winds and currents, its captain must find a route where the wind will probably blow in the right direction. tacking, i.e. using contrary wind to pull (sic) the sails, was always possible but wasted time because of the zigzagging required, and this would significantly delay long voyages. the early european explorers were not only looking for new lands. they also had to discover the pattern of winds and currents that would carry them where they wanted to go. during the age of sail winds and currents determined trade routes and therefore influenced european imperialism and modern political geography. for an outline to the main wind systems see global wind patterns.

pilotage or cabotage, in one sense, is the art of sailing along the coast using known landmarks. navigation, in one sense, is the art of sailing long distances out of sight of land.[1] although the polynesians were able to sail the pacific (with great difficulty) and people regularly sailed north and south across the mediterranean, before the time of columbus nearly all sailing was coastal pilotage

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