Critics of the affirmative action programs that emerged in the 1970s viewed them as a form of

The correct answer is reverse discrimination.

The affirmative action policies of the 1970s were implemented as a means to help African-American citizens in American society. These policies would help them in several different aspects, including the job market and when applying to colleges. Many American citizens did not like these policies, as they felt that they were being discriminated against and given less opportunity because they were white.

Of the revolutions of 1848.