What is one difference between closed and open primary elections? a. closed primaries prevent "crossover voting"; open primaries allow it, which can produce nominees that don't represent the values of the party. b. closed primaries are used mainly by the republican party, while open primaries are used mainly by the democratic party. c. both closed and open primaries welcome independent voters, but only open primaries allow registered members of other parties to participate. d. closed primaries encourage all voters to participate, while open primaries can reduce participation.

The correct answer is D.

Primary elections are through which a political party elects its leader. When each party has its leader, then a general election is celebrated.

An open primary election is that in which it is not necessary that the voters previously pertained to the party in order to vote for the candidates. Each voter can only participate in the primary process in one party, therefore crossover voting is prevented, so that, for example, people affiliated in one party does not participate in other parties' election to try to influence its results.

A closed primary election is that in which voters can only vote for the leader of the party in which they are affiliated.

The distinction of which system is used differs per party per state. It is true that closed primaries encourage all affiliates to participate as they have the power to choose the leader, while open systems tend to decrease participation.

b.provides a written record of the transaction

the alfred thayer mahan award for literary achievement is awarded each year by the navy league of the united states. the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation. presented since 1957, "this award for literary achievement is awarded to a u.s. navy officer, u.s. marine corps officer, enlisted service member, or civilian who has made a notable literary contribution that has advanced the knowledge of the importance of sea power in the united states."[1]