5) since the creation of israel in 1948 a) the nations of the middle east have worked together peacefully. b) there have been ongoing conflicts between israel and the arab world. c) the united nations has acted as the central government in the region. d) israel has the nations in the region form democratic governments.

B)there have been ongoing conflicts between Israel and the Arab world. 

There was conflict again in 1956 between Egypt and Israel (as well as Britain and France) over control of the Suez Canal.  Then came the Six Day War in 1967, and another war in 1973.  (The 1973 war is referred to as the Yom Kippur War or Ramadan War depending on which side you were on.)  And there have been ongoing conflicts and skirmishes since then as well.

The transcontinental railroad provided a means of fast transportation. it cut a 6 month trip into 6 days, created jobs for many people and encouraged immigration. the homestead act played a huge role in western expansion; it allowed settlers to begin a fresh start, and gave them land in exchange for their residence for up to five years and a small fee.