Agroup of people who force other people to hurt or humiliate themselves as initiation into their group is committing shock of the following acts of violence?

Which of these gives the best indication that a health service is based on pseudoscience? a. the service is not controversial and is supervised by medical professionals. b. the service has been extensively researched, has a high success rate, and is expensive c. the service is inexpensive, is based on research, and has been around for a long time d. the service has not been researched and is expensive