What condition occurs due to right-sided and left-sided heart failure, respectively?

Right sided and left sided heart failure refers to the hearts inability to efficiently pump blood in either one of its two sides. Usually this happens as a result of fibrosis that developers from infarction (MI or heart attack). As a result of its inadequacy blood begins to build up behind the side that is deficienot.

In left sided heart failure blood begins to back up in the pulmonary vasculature. When this happens fluid will build up in the aveoli of the lungs (pulmonary edema). This can of course cause very difficult breathing. Additionally at nighttime we call this dyspnea Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea.

Right sided heart failure causes back up in the systemic vasculature (body). When this happens fluid begins to build up in other tissues (usually the feet due to gravity). This is called edema, and the the edema in the feet is called Pedal Edema.