What information about an atoms properties can you read from the periodic table

The periodic table is organized by the atomic number which is the number of protons in an element which also equals the number of electrons. Mass minus number = the electrons. The groups of the periodic table tell us how many shells  are on the element and the family number tell us how many valence electrons are there on the valence shell. I dont exactly understand what you mean by atoms properties however these are some patterns found on the periodic table. 

Groups can tell you the number of valence electrons and periods tell you the shells

Because without physical activity, the body has extra "energy" if you will, and so when it is time for bed you are not tired, so you end up staying up all night. also there is probably an effect on your internal clock, which messes with your melatonin production which goes hand in hand with your sleep cycle

Where are the following