Kara overhears her boss complaining to another manager about the poor work some members of her team have done, without specifically naming any particular employee or citing any specific examples. Kara walks away in tears, convinced that her boss is talking about her. According to Beck's cognitive therapy (CT), Kara is demonstrating a(n) called "." A. irrational belief; arbitrary inference
B. irrational belief; overgeneralization
C. negative cognitive bias; personalization
D. negative cognitive bias; minimization

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?