Rodney is 55-years-old, stands 6’ tall, weighs 280 pounds and has a 44" waist circumference. He has always had a sedentary job and loves to cook. Both his mother and father are overweight, and his father suffered a heart attack at age 45. During his annual physical exam, Rodney’s doctor diagnosed him with metabolic syndrome and suggested that he may be a candidate for bariatric surgery, as his lab results and family history put him in the high-risk category chronic diseases. Question 1: Explain what the doctor means by "metabolic syndrome" and how this syndrome affects risk for chronic disease. Be sure to address each component of metabolic syndrome specifically. Support your answer with data, facts, key terminology, specific examples and other information drawn from the textbook and at least one other supplemental source. Question 2: Define the criteria for bariatric surgery and explain to Rodney the risks and benefits of surgery. Include in your response specific data, facts, examples, key terminology and other information drawn from the textbook and at least one other supplemental source.

1) Metabolic syndrome

A metabolic syndrome may be a group of metabolic disorders that increase the danger of chronic diseases like heart condition, Diabetes, Hypertension, and stroke. The conditions related to Metabolic syndrome are high blood glucose, high cholesterol or triglycerides, excess body fat, high vital sign, etc.

2)

*Body mass index is at or above 35, with one or more comorbidity ( Hypertension, Diabetes, liver disease, heart problems, abnormal cholesterol )

* Body mass index, at or above 40

Rodney's BMI is

BMI = weight ( kg)/ height in meter square

= 127 kg/ (1.82) 2

= 38.34

(1pound = 0.4535kg, 1 foot = 0.3048 meter)

Explanation:

1) Metabolic syndrome

A metabolic syndrome may be a group of metabolic disorders that increase the danger of chronic diseases like heart condition, Diabetes, Hypertension, and stroke. The conditions related to Metabolic syndrome are high blood glucose, high cholesterol or triglycerides, excess body fat, high vital sign, etc.

Studies show that around 1/3rd of the American population is suffering from Metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome and Risk for Chronic diseases:

The main explanation for the metabolic syndrome is Obesity, which can flow from physical inactivity. the standards for risk for occurrence of Metabolic syndrome is that the person should have a minimum of three of the subsequent conditions :  

* Excess body fat around the waist ( quite 40inches in men and quite 35 in women.  

* Glucose level ( Fasting); quite 100 mg/ dL  

* Abnormal cholesterol, low HDL level ( 130 and diastolic: >85 torr .

Metabolic syndrome affects the danger for chronic diseases as this syndrome is usually related to obesity. Obesity may be a state of being obese thanks to more than body fat. this might cause Insulin resistance, a condition in that cells start to ignore or resist insulin or don't answer it in order that cells can't take up glucose. This successively leads to high glucose levels within the blood ( Diabetes Mellitus).

Studies show that obesity is that the leading explanation for disorders especially arteria coronaria disease. Body mass index at or above 30 is taken into account as obese. Around 2.5 million deaths worldwide are thanks to obesity.

Bariatric surgery

Bariatric refers to the branch of drugs bariatrics, the treatment of obesity and weight problems. Bariatric surgery is an operation that creates changes within the gastrointestinal system or decreases the stomach capacity in order that it helps for the load loss in a private.

2) Criteria:

*Body mass index is at or above 35, with one or more comorbidity ( Hypertension, Diabetes, liver disease, heart problems, abnormal cholesterol )

* Body mass index, at or above 40

Rodney's BMI is

BMI = weight ( kg)/ height in meter square

= 127 kg/ (1.82) 2

= 38.34

(1pound = 0.4535kg, 1 foot = 0.3048 meter)

* Individuals who are unable to realize weight loss ( sustainable and healthy) after tons of weight loss measures.

Risk of Bariatric surgery

* Dilation of the esophagus and possible acid reflux

* Obstruction and infection within the stomach

* Inability to eat certain food items

* Chronic nausea and vomiting

Long-term complications like low blood glucose, ulcers, malnutrition may occur.

Gastric bypass surgery or partial Gastrectomy ( surgical removal of a neighborhood of the stomach) surgery may cause complications related to surgery like leakage or breakage, perforation of the stomach, injury to spleen or neighboring organ, hernia, hemorrhage, etc.

Benefits:

* Improved cardiovascular health

* Relief from depression and increased self-esteem

* Remission of DM ( type 2)

* Relief from obesity complications like sleep apnoea and joint pain, abnormal lipid level

* it's going to improve fertility

* One can live longer a far better life with bariatric surgery. Studies show that there's 90 a discount in death related to Diabetes in bariatric patients and death related to heart condition reduced to 50% in bariatric patients ( consistent with the American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric surgery, ASMBS

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