A virus is a genome, or set of chromosomes, contained inside a protein capsule called a capsid. A virus can be either a single or double strand of RNA or DNA. Although viruses are made of genetic information, they do not have cells. They also need to attach to a host cell in order to live and reproduce. Host cells can be from animals, plants and even bacteria and fungi. Scientists debate whether or not viruses are considered living organisms. Most agree that viruses are not living. Which of these statements is true based on the information in the passage?

A
Viruses can survive independently for many years.

B
Viruses need to have a capsid in order to reproduce.

C
Viruses blur the boundary between what is and is not considered “life.”

D
Viruses and bacteria work in exactly the same way to infect humans.

Sally is a 43-year-old mother of two who has gained 50 pounds over the past 5 years. she is 64 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds with a bmi of 30.8. her waist circumference is 37 inches. she acknowledges that she is not as physically active as she would like to be. she also notes how recent stresses in her life have affected her sleep and seem to have triggered her appetite for sweets and comfort foods. sally's father recently died from complications of type 2 diabetes, and her mother and sisters are overweight. sally says she is very motivated to "not get diabetes" and is disturbed that her recent physical exam revealed mildly elevated blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol levels. 1. sally stated that recent stresses in her life are affecting her sleep and seemed to have triggered her appetite for sweets and comfort foods. which of the following statements would be best to explain why her lack of sleep has increased her appetite? a. lack of sleep decreases ghrelin levels. b. levels of neuropeptide y, a brain chemical that causes carbohydrate cravings, are high and may contribute to her sleep problems. c. the satiety hormone leptin increases with lack of sleep. d. lack of sleep increases uncoupling protein. e. lack of sleep increases levels of ghrelin which stimulates appetite and decreases levels of leptin which decreases appetite.