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What is a common risk associated with illegal drugs?

The herpes viruses are important enveloped dna viruses that cause disease in vertebrates and in some invertebrates such as oysters. some of the human forms are herpes simplex virus (hsv) types i and ii, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella zoster virus (vsv), causing chicken pox and shingles. each of these three actively infects nervous tissue. primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. the virus can later reactivate, replicate again, and infect others. in electron micrographs of hsv infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell surface proteoglycans, then with specific receptors. this is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores. afterward, the capsids go from being full to being "empty." which of the following best fits these observations? a) viral capsids are needed for the cell to become infected; only the capsids enter the nucleus. b) the viral envelope is not required for infectivity, since the envelope does not enter the nucleus. c) only the genetic material of the virus is involved in the cell's infectivity, and is injected like the genome of a phage. d) the viral envelope mediates entry into the cell, the capsid mediates entry into the nuclear membrane, and the genome is all that enters the nucleus.

A92-year-old man with a 45-year history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is intubated in the icu because of a bout of viral pneumonia that fails to improve after 72 hours of antibiotics. although the inspired fraction of oxygen is 100%, the patient's po2 remains at 57 mmhg. positive-end expiratory pressure (peep) is added to allow the inspired fraction of oxygen. twelve hours after the introduction of peep the patient suddenly become hypotensive. at the same time, his oxygen saturation drops from 92% to 61%. on physical examination, his bp is 80/50 mmhg and his pulse is 124/min. he has distended neck veins and distant heart sounds. which of the following would also most likely be seen on this patient's physical examination? - absence of breath sounds in the right hemithorax- high amplitude carotid artery upstroke- a pleural friction rub- pulsus alternans- splenomegaly