How can refraining from smoking benefit an individual's health?

a.
refraining from smoking reduces an individual's risk of contracting most types of diseases.
b.
refraining from smoking eliminates the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
c.
refraining from smoking eliminates the risk of developing respiratory conditions, such as asthma.
d.
refraining from smoking reduces an individual's risk of contracting certain types of diseases.