In individuals with normal blood sugar levels, glucose is reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the kidney by members of the glut transporter family, which form an aqueous pore across the membrane through which glucose can move passively. as a result, no glucose is excreted in urine. however, in people with untreated diabetes mellitus, blood sugar levels are high and glucose is often present in the urine. what can explain this occurrence?

1. cold turkey (no outside ). about 90% of people who try to quit smoking do it without outside support -- no aids, therapy, or medicine. although most people try to quit this way, it's not the most successful method. only about 5% to 7% are able to quit on their own.

2. behavioral therapy. this involves working with a counselor to find ways not to smoke. together, you'll find your triggers (such as emotions or situations that make you want to smoke) and make a plan to get through the cravings.

3. nicotine replacement therapy. there are several types, including nicotine gum, patches, inhalers, sprays, and lozenges. they work by giving you nicotine without the use of tobacco. you may be more likely to quit with nicotine replacement therapy, but it works best when you use it with behavioral therapy and lots of support from friends and family. and remember that the goal is to end your addiction to nicotine, not simply to quit using tobacco.

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