A mother comes into the school and complains that her fifth-grade daughter, Emily, has always earned scores of "exemplary" or "outstanding" when allowed to work independently. When Emily is forced to work in groups, her grades suffer. The teacher decides that if Emily wants to do all the work herself, she can—but tells the mother that it will mean Emily doing three times as much work on her project.

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?