A 28-year-old Welshman is experiencing insomnia, continually writhes his hands, and begins to exhibit irrational behavior. He seems to be losing his muscle control. It has become progressively worse over the past year. What is the most likely diagnosis?

CORRECT ANSWER IS :variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

Explanation:

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a disease of the brain that belongs to the family of spongiform encephalopathy.It is caused when proteins are mis-folded. Scientists associated its causes to the eating of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-infected beef. And also from contaminated surgical equipment.

A brain biopsy i.e autopsy can only reveal or an examination of brain tissue after death (autopsy) can confirm the presence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. But doctors often can make an accurate diagnosis based on your medical and personal history, a neurological exam, and certain diagnostic tests.

The test can shows symptoms such as and spasms, unbalance reflexes, and problem in cordination and muscles twitching.

This question lacks options, options are:

a) poliomyelitis

b) botulism

c) variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

d) African sleeping sickness

The correct answer is c) variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

Explanation:

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) is a prion (an infectious particle of a protein nature, characterized by having long incubation times of months or years) disease or human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, which leads to rapidly progressive dementia. Its psychiatric symptoms include depression, anxiety, withdrawal, memory problems and difficulty pronouncing words, among its neurological symptoms, abnormal gait, coordination problems, muscle spasms and stiffness, among others.

fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges. the core principle of fluid balance is that the amount of water lost from the body must equal the amount of water taken in.