A mother, 13 years of age, delivers a low-birth-weight neonate. The neonate is transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. The mother reports receiving occasional prenatal care and has a history of excessive alcohol consumption. The growth and development of this neonate has been influenced by which of the following?A. Prenatal factors. B. Spiritual factors. C. Caregiver factors. D. Individual factors.

A. Prenatal factors

Explanation:

Prenatal factors are factors that expose the neonate to complications during pregnancy, and which have short-term and long-term health consequences on the neonate. An example of prenatal factors that occurs during pregnancy before birth are maternal factors. Maternal factors have to do with the mother of the child. Maternal factors could include the nutritional state of the mother during birth, alcoholism, substance abuse etc.

Alcohol has been identified to have a negative effect on the growth and development of the cells of the neonate during pregnancy.

The growth and development of the low-birth-weight  neonate, whose mother has a history of excessive alcohol consumption, has been influenced by prenatal factors such as the alcohol imbibed by the mother.

answer (c) by causing social withdrawal;