The question is not complete, below is the complete question:
Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. ResetHelp
1. : Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells
2. : Slows or stops the immune response
3. : Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen 4. : Forms antibody producing cells
5. : Absence results in no immune response
words in the left column:
a.Helper T cell
b.Cytotoxic T cell
c.B cell
d.Memory cell
e.Regulatory T cell
The answer is:
1. Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells (Cytotoxic T cells)
2. Slows or stops the immune response ( Regulatory T cell
)
3. Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen (Memory cell)
4. Forms antibody producing cells (B cell)
5 Absence results in no immune response (Helper T cell)
Explanation:
The question is just to test your knowledge of the functions of the various cells in the cell-mediated acquired immune responses.
First, it is important to note that immune response mechanisms is broadly divided into; innate and acquired (or adaptive) immune responses. Innate responses are those that occur naturally by birth, example, skin barriers, mucous membranes e.t.c., while acquired immune responses are those developed by the body in response to invading antibodies. The acquired immune responses can be further divided into two categories; the humoral and cell-mediated responses. The humoral responses have to do with responses with chemical intermediates or means other than cells, example is antibodies, while cell-mediated responses have to do with cells.
Now, let me explain each of my answer choices by giving brief details on each of the cell types mentioned above:
1. Cytotoxic T cells: These cells go by various other names including; cytolytic cells, Killer T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes e.t.c. They are a type of T-lymphocyte that destroys cancer cells, virus-infected cells and other damaged cells. This destruction is brought about by their possession of T-cell receptors that recognize specific antigens on the surface of viral particles and cancer cells, after binding, these cells have the ability to produce cytokines which are used to kill the cells.
2. Regulatory T-cells: T Regulatory cells are cells that have immunosuppressive functions, i.e, they down regulate the activation and proliferation of the T-cells in immune response or that they slow or stop the immune response. This is important to prevent intolerance against self antigens, which can lead to autoimmune reactions.
3. Memory cells: Memory cells also known as memory B-cells are sub-types of B lymphocytes that are responsible for rapid response in an individual in the case of a re-infection or a secondary infection. During a primary or first time infection, it takes the B cells a while to manufacture antibodies to neutralize antigens in the body making the individual to come down with the effect of the antigen within this period, but after the antigens have been synthesized, the patterns are stored by the Memory cells, which can survive for decades in an individual, and if the individual is faced again with the same antigen after the first encounter, the Memory cells recognize the antigens whose complementary antibody patterns are stored, and synthesis is faster, enabling a quick and rapid response to secondary infections.
4. B cells: B cells are the chief humoral cells of the acquired immune responses. They differentiate and forms cells that produce antibodies called plasma cells. Antibodies are molecules that are produced in response to antigens, they are usually complementary to the antigens and they neutralize the effects of the antigen upon binding to it.
5. Helper T-cells: Helper T-cells can be considered to be the most important cells int he adaptive immune response, as they are essentially the activator cells in immune responses, by activating B cells to secrete antigens, Macrophages to engulf microbes, and Cytotoxic T cells to begin their immune response. The Helper cells themselves are activated by the Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs).
