A 48-year-old policeman comes to the clinic reporting a swollen scrotum. He states it began a few weeks ago and has steadily worsened. He says the longer he stands up the worse it gets, but when he lies down it improves. He denies any pain with urination. Because he is impotent, he doesn't know if intercourse would hurt. He states he has become more tired lately and has also gained 4 kg in the last month. He denies any fever or weight loss. He has had some shortness of breath with exertion. His past medical history consists of type 2 diabetes for 20 years, high blood pressure, and coronary artery disease. He is on insulin, three high blood pressure pills, and a water pill. He has had his gallbladder removed. He is married and has five children. He is currently on disability because of his health problems. Both of his parents died of complications of diabetes. On examination you see a pleasant male appearing chronically ill. He is a febrile but his blood pressure is 160/100 and his pulse is 90. His head, eyes, ears, nose, throat, and neck examinations are normal. There are some crackles in the bases of each lung. During his cardiac examination there is an extra heart sound. Visualization of his penis shows an un-circumcised prepuce but no lesions or masses. Palpation of his scrotum shows generalized swelling, with no discrete masses. A gloved finger is placed through each inguinal ring, and with bearing down there are no bulges. The prostate is smooth and non-tender. What abnormality of the scrotum is most likely the diagnosis? A) Hydrocele. B) Scrotal hernia. C) Scrotal edema. D) Varicocele.

Jordan is now 19-years old. as an infant, jordan reached many gross motor skill milestones, such as holding his head up, rolling over, sitting, and standing, at normal times. however, he was considered a "late walker" because he took his first steps at 17 months. by 2 years old, his parents noticed a hyperlordotic posture while he was standing. a gower's sign and trendelenberg gait were noted by age four. throughout his childhood, he suffered progressive muscle weakness, especially in the proximal musculature of the arms, pelvis, and legs. he required orthotic braces to assist his walking and was confined to wheelchair ambulation by age 13. at 16, he was hospitalized with bronchitis requiring antibiotic treatment, but recovered. jordan has a history of progressive muscle weakness, but no history of muscle pain or spasm, chest pain, or irregular heartbeat. the only medications that he normally takes are calcium and fluoride supplements. jordan has three siblings. his older and younger sisters have never had any major medical issues. jordan's older brother is also to a wheelchair with problems similar to jordan's. no other immediate or distant family members have musculoskeletal issues.1. jordan’s history aligns most closely with which diagnosis? a. amyotrophic lateral sclerosisb. multiple sclerosisc. duchenne muscular dystrophyd. myotonic dystrophy2. jordan had a biopsy of the left gastrocnemius muscle when he was 5 years old. based on your answer for his diagnosis, describe the microscopic pathological changes that the pathologist would have noted.3. explain, in your own words, why jordan’s brother appears to have the same disease and why his sisters are unaffected.

True or false. mucous membranes secrete mucus that traps pathogens.

Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle? a) viral dna is incorporated into the host genome. b) the viral genome replicates without destroying the host. c) a large number of phages are released at a time. d) the virus—host relationship usually lasts for generations.