Felicia poked herself while disposing of a needle that she had just used to administer medication to a patient. she was later tested for infection from this needle stick and tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in this scenario, the needle stick was what link in the chain of transmission?

Which of the following best reflects what we know about how the flu virus moves between species? a) the flu virus in a pig is mutated and replicated in alternate arrangements so that humans who eat the pig products can be infected. b) a flu virus from a human epidemic or pandemic infects birds; the birds replicate the virus differently and then pass it back to humans. c) an influenza virus gains new sequences of dna from another virus, such as a herpesvirus; this enables it to be transmitted to a human host. d) an animal such as a pig is infected with more than one virus, genetic recombination occurs, the new virus mutates, the virus is passed to a new species such as a bird, and the virus mutates again and can now be transmitted to humans.