Stan continued playing with minimal pain during the closing quarter of an exciting college football game even though he had suffered a severe ankle sprain when he was tackled. It is likely that Stan's pain was psychologically minimized by and physically minimized by the brain's release of .

distraction; endorphins

Explanation:

Endorphins are homones released by the body when it's under stress or in pain in order to reduce it, like Stan's case, at the same time his concentration is put on the play and therefore a distraction is keeping him from thinking about the pain.

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answer; i believe that the correct answer is (participation);

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