Acharacter who is depicted realistically and has his or her own personality and history in a story is what type of character

In PF find the answer in the First paragraph of "Analysis of Paul's case"

Individuated

The short story “Paul’s Case” is a character study.In a character study, the developing traits and characteristics of an individual are the focus of the story. Paul, the protagonist, is an individuated character—that is, he has his own personality and history, and he’s depicted realistically. At the same time, he’s a representative character—that is, he illustrates many of the traits associated with a particular type of person.

So the answer you are looking for is Individuated

d. everyone should be treated fairly.

answer: i would say the brain but it seem that you have a brain.