Aclient presents for a scheduled papanicolaou (pap) smear. the clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
a) changes in cell shape, size, and organization
b) the presence of unexpected cell types
c) ischemic changes in cell samples abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field

A) Changes in cell shape, size, and organization

Explanation:

Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is a technique of cervical screening carried out in women to detect precancerous and cancerous process in the cervix. The technique is carried by opening the vaginal canal with a speculum(a medical tool used for investigating body orifices). in order to collect cells at the outer opening of the cervix. The cells collect are being subjected to tests in the laboratory to test for abnormalities such as cervical dysplasia (abnormal development of cells in the cervix), metaplasia (transformation of one differentiated cell type to another differentiated cell type), cell shapes, cell size and cell organization.