Afather brings his 14-year-old son to your clinic because his teacher has concerns about his poor school performance and maladjusted behavior. he has poor grades in all subjects, is extremely shy, and has always had difficulty in adjusting socially. on examination, he is at the 95th percentile for height and 5th percentile for weight. it is very difficult to engage him in conversation. the testes are prepubertal, he has mild hypospadias, and he has no secondary sexual characteristics. which of the following is the most likely cause of his pubertal delay?

Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) usually comes to attention because of gynecomastia and small testes. These males usually are clinically normal at birth. Treatment involves replacement therapy with a long acting testosterone beginning at age 11 to 12 years.

Explanation:

fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges. the core principle of fluid balance is that the amount of water lost from the body must equal the amount of water taken in.