After teaching a group of students about intestinal obstruction, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify which of the following as a cause of a functional obstruction?
a. tumor
b. abdominal surgery
c. volvulus
d. intussusception

B)Abdominal surgery

Explanation:
In functional obstruction, the intestine can become adynamic from an absence of normal nerve stimulation to intestinal muscle fibers. For example, abdominal surgery can lead to paralytic ileus. Mechanical obstructions result from a narrowing of the bowel lumen with or without a space-occupying mass. A mass may include a tumor, adhesions (fibrous bands that constrict tissue), incarcerated or strangulated hernias, volvulus (kinking of a portion of intestine), intussusception (telescoping of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part), or impacted feces or barium. (less)

It starts with commitment. the health and safety policy is the commitment by the employer to provide and maintain a safe workplace. the commitment of the workforce is also a necessary component.when the workplace parties sit down to develop an ergonomic approach to patient handling, they will develop terms of reference that set forth how the health and safety committee will function in approaching this problem and reach its goal of reduced injuries.in general, a safe patient handling program will involve the following steps: management approval and commitment to develop and implement a patient handling program.perform a needs analysis.create and standardize patient assessment criteria.develop decision trees to standardize actions.determine which controls are needed to implement specific tasks or patient needs.institute a "no-lift" policy, where possible.