ANSWER AND EXPLANATION: If a first-degree burn affects only a small area of skin you can treat it as a minor burn, according to the American Red Cross. However, if large areas of skin on the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks, or over a major joint are burned, call your doctor or go to a local medical facility.
If a second-degree burn covers an area only a few inches in diameter and doesn't affect your hands, feet, face, groin, genitals, buttocks, or a major joint, you may also treat it as a minor burn. Otherwise, get medical help immediately. Someone burned in these areas may need a specialist for treatment. Treating mild to moderate burns promptly will ease pain, limit the injury, and speed healing.
What to do
The best way to treat mild to moderate burns is to cool them immediately. This prevents further tissue damage. First, remove any jewelry or loose clothes from the affected area. Don't remove clothing that has stuck to the burned area, however, or you may cause additional injury to the skin.
Then hold the burned area under cold running water for at least five minutes or until the pain subsides, or immerse the burn in cold water. You can also apply a cold compress to the burn if water is unavailable or unclean. Don't use ice water or put ice directly on a burn, as this may further damage the skin.
Next, cover the burn with a sterile non-adhesive gauze bandage, wrapped loosely to avoid pressure. (Bandaging protects blistered skin from potential contamination by airborne bacteria.) Change the bandages daily if the burn is blistered and oozing, and take an over-the-counter pain reliever if the burn continues to hurt. An anti-inflammatory pain reliever, such as ibuprofen, can help reduce inflammation as well as the pain.
Blisters sometimes form over second-degree burns. Try not to break these: Blisters are part of the body's normal healing process and protect against infection. If a blister does break, wash the area gently with mild soap and cool water, then -- if the burn is not serious -- apply an antibiotic ointment to prevent infection. If it's severe, don't apply an ointment or lotion of any kind. Have your doctor look at the burn and help you decide whether to apply ointment and, if so, which antibiotic preparation is likely to be most effective.
Small first-degree or second-degree burns can take up to three weeks to heal completely. During that time, watch for signs of infection, including redness, swelling, oozing, increased pain, or fever. If you develop any of these symptoms, get medical help. Even after the burn heals, it's a good idea to protect the area with sunscreen for at least a year whenever you go out.
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