Anurse cares for a client with megaloblastic anemia who had a total gastrectomy three years ago. what statement will the nurse include in the client's teaching regarding the condition?
a. "the condition is likely caused by a folate deficiency."
b. "the condition is likely caused by a vitamin b12 deficiency."
c. "the condition causes abnormally rigid red blood cells."
d. "the condition causes abnormally small red blood cells."

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?