What role does the s-p interval play in locating an earthquake epicenter?

P and S waves travel at known velocities through the Earth. S waves are slower than P waves by a known amount. As the P and S waves travel out from an earthquake the P waves get progressively farther ahead of the S waves. Therefore, the farther a seismic recording station is from the earthquake epicenter the greater will be the difference in time of arrival between the P and S wave. The distance of a seismic station from an earthquake is easily determined from the S-P interval, the time difference between the time of arrival of the first P wave and the first S wave.

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