How would a archeologist found out how a civilization collapsed?

I think that they should find like old artworks like statues or documents and do some research on when that stuff was made and determine if that civilizations that the statue or whatever was originated and do research on that civilization and how it fell.

Hope this helped :)
Have a great day

The investiture controversy began as a power struggle between pope gregory vii (1072–85) and henry iv, holy roman emperor (1056–1106).[2] a brief but significant struggle over investiture also occurred between henry i of england and pope paschal ii in the years 1103 to 1107, and the issue played a minor role in the struggles between church and state in france, as well.by undercutting the imperial power established by the salian emperors, the controversy led to nearly 50 years of civil war in germany, and the triumph of the great dukes and abbots. imperial power was finally re-established under the hohenstaufen dynasty. historian norman cantor: