What movement arose to challenge the elitist practices of the catholic church? ?

The answer to the question above is the Protestant Reformation.
Protestant Reformation, also known as Reformation, was started by Martin Luther in 16th century when he posted the Ninety-five Theses in 1517. John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other Protestant Reformers continued what Martin Luther started until the Reformation lasted in 1648 during the Thirty Years' War.

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