What is causes of low farm productive in africa

There are a decent amount of reasons why africa's farming department struggles.  one of those reasons is that they have a poor government.  It makes the farmers get less help and the same amount of taxes.  Another reason is so much of their land is not capable of farming which makes farms themselves scarce  They also don't have most of the advances to help their agriculture grow as much as other countries such as the U.S.  We put a lot of resources and research into our agriculture so were always becoming more efficient and innovation.  While africa does not put much of their time or resources toward agriculture and farming alike.

the first plants to make the transition

explanation:

the answer is the last option or letter d)