Commercial farming includes all of the following except
a. the use of pesticides
b. shifting cultivation
c. hybridized seeds
d. the use of tractors and machinery

Commercial farming includes all of the following except b) shifting cultivation. This is because commercial farming is a system of farming where the production is characterized by innovations designed to increase yield, which includes technology such as tractors and machinery and speeding up the production of agriculture such as the use of pesticides and hybridized seeds.

The answer to the question is moraine

Hey there  jaylajakara15p8gvfy! question:   approximately what per cent of russia is used for permanent cropland? answer: b) 10%hope this ! -jayden