People making a pilgrimage to makkah (mecca) and medinah must travel to which country of southwest asia and north africa?

You are a scientist who has been sent on a special mission to study plants and animals in south asia! your destination is an important forest in eastern india. you need to travel to 17°n latitude and 83°e longitude. which star should you travel to?

What was istanbul called before he ottomans conquered the city in the 15th century

Explain: plate tectonics and people.