Describe the effect of the southern alps on the climate east of the mountains.
1) their snow and ice have a chilling effect, keeping the central and eastern areas cool and wet
2) they divert precipitation into the east area, creating monsoon conditions
3) they act as a barrier, protecting the area east from the prevailing west winds
4) their presence intensifies the speed of the roaring forties

the first phase of the government’s plan for settlement was building the transcontinental railroad. the railroad provided a way to bring settlers and manufactured goods west and ship their agricultural and mining produce east. the transcontinental railroad was an essential artery for rapid development of the frontier.

the second phase of the government’s plan was a liberal land distribution policy that made it possible for many people to homestead. with these two key elements—transportation and cheap land—the government rapidly achieved its goal of persuading people to move west, settle on farms, and push back the frontier.

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