When studying historical geology, which type of rock provides the most useful evidence for uncovering what occurred in the past?

metamorphic
sedimentary
igneous basalt
igneous granite

From the point of view of historical geology, sedimentary rocks (option B) have characteristics that allow being the most useful to discover the events that occurred in the past.

Explanation:

Sedimentary rocks are the product of the lithification of the sediments of rocks originated by the weathering (meteorization) process, transported in the form of particles by environmental agents such as wind, rain, sea swell, among others.

The sediments that are deposited on the surface of the planet, over many years, go through a hardening process that turns them into rocks with heterogeneous material.  The characteristics that make sedimentary rocks the ideal material for historical geology studies are:

The formation process, where particles from past eras are found.

Its structure more or less accurately indicates the environmental conditions of the time they originated.

They contain information about their formation mechanism.

Fossils, also evidence of past times, are found in sedimentary rocks.

In order for geologists to reconstruct events and characteristics of the past, sedimentary rocks provide valuable information that contributes to this work.

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d. they are naturallyoccuring inorganic fuels like coal and petroleum.

the answer is a hope this