What observations are needed to tell whether an earth-like planet is geologically alive or dead?

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place

Suppose you had to resolve the problems believed to be caused by distance decay in russia. what would you suggest?

Which barrier to economic development is shown in the following examples? i. the high rate of hiv infection in underdeveloped nations ii. the use of children as soldiers in uganda’s army in the early 2000s iii. low literacy rates in underdeveloped nations with limited exposure to adequate education a. foreign debt b. political instability c. widespread disease d. low levels of social welfare