How does NASA intend to determine the components of Gliese 581 d?

Landmasses on a flat map look distorted because

The chemical or mechanical process by which rock is gradually broken down eventually becoming soil

Afootpath is to be constructed in a park in the shape of a parallelogram. when a coordinate plane is laid over a map of the park, the vertices of the footpath are (-4,2) (8,2) (11,7) and (-1,7). what is the perimeter of this path