How many countries are part of the United Nations and which 3 are
not?

Explanation:

However, they are recognized as independent states by some of the U.N.'s members.

...

States Without Non-member Observer Status.

States Not Recognized by the U.N.

NameRecognized By

Kosovo102 U.N. member states

Western Sahara44 U.N. member states

Taiwan16 U.N. member states

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separation of church and state? not sure what you mean.