1. What is the difference between plane surveying and geodetic surveying

Plane surveying is the process of surveying by assuming that the earth is flat . Which mean the curvature or spherical shape of the earth is not considered in plane surveying calculations. Geodetic surveying is a process of surveying by considering the curvature or spherical shape of the earth .

Water flows along the east coast and across the western tropical pacific towards south america, while they both are directed towards that way,  el niño does not directly affect the southern flow of water along the coast. 

Asmall closed hole formed in an outwash plain or moraine. forms when a  glacier retreats then remains stationary.