How did geography affect Indus River Valley civilizations?

A-Constant monsoons led to destructive flooding.
B-Mountainous terrain resulted in many invasions.
C-Landmass formations encouraged trade with neighboring civilizations.
D-Flooding separated many settlements from rivers and the Arabian Sea.

A-Constant monsoons led to destructive flooding.

Explanation:

The Indus River Valley Civilization, located in modern Pakistan, was one of the world’s three earliest widespread societies.

Any major environmental change, such as deforestation, flooding or droughts due to a river changing course, could have had disastrous effects on the Indus River Valley civilization, such as crop failures, starvation, and disease.

Some experts believe that the drying of the Saraswati River, which began around 1900 BCE, was the main cause for climate change, while others conclude that a great flood struck the area.

Another disastrous change in the Indus River Valley climate might have been eastward-moving monsoons, or winds that bring heavy rains, which dried up the water supply.