How do fertility rates, birth rates, and infant mortality rates all help geographers determine the level of development of a nation or region?

Fertility rate or Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of children born per 1000 women ages 15-44 (child bearing years)

If the TFR is high, than it is most likely an LDC (less developed country)

If TFR is low it is most likely an MDC (more developed country)

For example, the TFR in Africa is around 5 while the TFR in the developed world is 2.5

Birth rate is the number of individuals born into a population in a given amount of time. Human birth rate is stated as the number of individuals born per year per 1000 in the population. For example, if 35 births occur per year per 1000 individuals, the birth rate is 35.

^^It is the same concept, high birthrates = LDC ; low birthrates = MDC

Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths per 1,000 live births of children under one year of age.

If the IMR is high, than that means that it is most likely an LDC.

If the IMR is low, than that means that is most likely an MDC

^^Women in MDCs have reproductive care (Women can go to hospitals and get care and have help delivering the baby while people in Africa don't have that privilege.