What was among the last frontier to be mapped
a) africa
b) south pole
c) europe
d) north america

I'm not 100% sure this is correct but I would say that the answer is b) the south pole. Unlike  most other continents that had already been mapped extensively, the coastline and geography of Antarctica was not fully understood until around the mid 19th century, and before that was amongst a part of the world that went unmapped for a while because it had not yet been properly discovered and/or recorded.

The answer is 1-plate movement along fault lines

El nino is a weather phenomenon caused when warm water from the western pacific ocean flows eastward. part1baan average of 7.7 hurricanes and 3.6 major hurricanes compares to 5 hurricanes and 1.5 major hurricanes from 1995-2005