What current nations experienced balkanization?

What are the answers for the following questions?

What does it mean if a piece of wood is ripped? it has been water-damaged. it has been cut with the grain. it has been cut against the grain. it has been covered with laminate.

Which outcome is not caused by gravitational forcea. gas and dust come together to form a planet b. planets orbit a star c. two atoms come together to form a molecule d. stars cluster to form a galaxy